Examples of TeX formulas

Subscript and superscript of a single character

x^2
x_2
2^x
x^2y^2
x_2y_2
_2F_3

Subscript and superscript at several levels and of multiple characters

x^{2y}
2^{2^x}
2^{2^{2^x}}
y_{x_2}
y_{x^2}
((x^2)^3)^4
{({(x^2)}^3)}^4

Both subscript and superscript

x^2_3
x_3^2
x^{31415}_{92}+\pi
P_2^2
P{}_2^2

Reserved word \prime

y_1^\prime
y_2^{\prime\prime}
y_3^{\prime\prime\prime}
f'[g(x)]g'(x)
y_1'+y_2''
y'_1+y''_2

Reserved word \sqrt, \underline and \overline

Table 5: Table with examples
\sqrt 2
\sqrt {x+2}
\underline 4
\overline {x+y}
\overline x+\overline y
x^{\underline n}
x^{\overline {m+n}}
\sqrt{x^3+\sqrt\alpha}
\root 3 \of 2
\root n \of {x^n+y^n}
\root n+1 \of a

Fractions

x+y^2\over k+1

{x+y^2\over k}+1

x+{y^2\over k}+1

x+{y^2\over k+1}

x+y^{2\over k+1}

{a\over b}\over 2

a\over {b\over 2}

a/b \over 2

a \over b/2

x\atop y+2

n\choose k

Sum and Integral

\sum_{n=1}^m

\int_{- \infty}^{+ \infty}

\int\limits_0^1

\sum\nolimits_{n=1}^m

Common Mathematical Functions

\arccos	\arcsin	\arctan	\arg	\cos	\cosh	\cot
\coth	\csc	\deg	\det	\dim	\exp	\gcd
\hom	\inf	\ker	\lg	\lim	\liminf	\limsup
\ln	\log	\max	\min	\Pr	\sec	\sin
\sinh	\sup	\tan	\tanh

\sin2\theta=2\sin\theta\cos\theta
O(n\log n\log\log n)
\Pr(X>x)=\exp(-x/\mu)
\max_{1\le n\le m}\log_2P_n
\lim_{x\to 0}{\sin x\over x}=1

Text Style or Display Style

Standalone and inline formulas are rendered differently. This is clearly visible in the integral in this line: and the standalone integral on the next line.

The rendition can be controlled explicitly using the textstyle attribute: textstyle="Display" (standalone) or textstyle="inline" (inline).

It is also possible to use reserved words in the formula itself:

\textstyle\sum_{n=1}^m

\displaystyle\sum_{n=1}^m

	despite that we are inside a paragraph

n + \scriptstyle n + \scriptscriptstyle n

Spaces

\quad
\qquad	double quad
\,	thin space (1/6 quad)
\>	medium space (2/9 quad)
\;	thick space (5/18 quad)
\!	negative thin space (-1/6 quad)

F_n=F_{n-1}+F_{n-2},\qquad n \ge 2.
\int_0^\infty f(x)\,dx
dx\,dy=r\,dr\,d\theta
y\,dx-x\,dy

Ellipses

x_1+\cdots+x_n
x_1=\cdots=x_n=0
A_1\times\cdots\times A_n
f(x_1, \ldots,x_n)
x_1x_2\ldots x_n
(1-x)(1-x^2)\ldots(1-x^n)
n(n-1)\ldots(1)
(x_1, \ldots, x_n) \cdot (y_1, \ldots, y_n) = x_1 y_1 + \cdots + x_n y_n

Reserved word \phantom

The \phantom reserved word creates an invisible box whose width, height and depth are the same as the formula itself. The \vphantom reserved word creates a box with no width but with the same height and depth as the subformula. The \hphantom reserved word creates a box with the same width as a normal box but with no height or depth. The \mathstrut macro is defined as "\vphantom(".

\sqrt a+\sqrt d+\sqrt y
\sqrt {\mathstrut a} + \sqrt {\mathstrut d} + \sqrt {\mathstrut y}
\sqrt 2+\sqrt\phantom 2
\sqrt 2+\sqrt{2\vphantom{1\over 2}}
\sqrt{\hphantom{1234}+2}

Greek letters

Table 28: Small letters
\alpha	\iota
\beta	\kappa	\sigma
\gamma	\lambda	\varsigma
\delta	\mu	\tau
\epsilon	\nu	\upsilon
\varepsilon	\xi	\phi
\zeta	o	\varphi
\eta	\pi	\chi
\theta	\varpi	\psi
\vartheta	\rho	\omega